Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses medicines to destroy cancer cells or slow their growth. Because cancer cells often grow and divide rapidly, many chemotherapy medicines target cells during different stages of the cell cycle.
How Chemotherapy Works
Chemotherapy drugs can travel through the bloodstream and reach cancer cells in different parts of the body. Depending on the cancer type and treatment plan, chemotherapy may be used before surgery to shrink a tumor, after surgery to reduce the risk of remaining cancer cells, or alongside other treatments.
How Chemotherapy Is Given
Chemotherapy may be administered through an intravenous infusion, as tablets or capsules, or through other methods depending on the medicine and type of cancer. Treatment is commonly given in cycles, with periods of treatment followed by rest.
Possible Side Effects
Because some healthy cells also divide quickly, chemotherapy can affect them. Possible side effects include fatigue, nausea, changes in appetite, hair loss, mouth sores, and changes in blood cell counts. Side effects vary considerably between medicines and individuals.
Monitoring During Treatment
Healthcare teams monitor patients throughout chemotherapy. Blood tests and other assessments may be used to check how the body is responding and whether treatment adjustments are needed.
Final Thoughts
Chemotherapy remains an important treatment option for many cancers, but its use depends on individual circumstances. Patients should discuss expected benefits, possible side effects, and available alternatives with their cancer care team.